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Siemens - Power Engineering Guide Edition 8.0

 Power Engineering Guide Edition 8.0 with 569 pages context:
1. Intelligent grid solutions – From generation to consumption
2. Power transmission and distribution solutions
3. Substations and switchgear
4. Devices and components
5. Transformers
6. Protection, substation automation, power quality and measurements
7. Grid control and grid applications
8. Communication network solutions for transmission and distribution grids
9. Consulting and planning for power grids
10. Services and support
11. Glossary
12. Abbreviations, trademarks

Download Power Engineering Guide Edition 8.0

EE power systems

Intelligent grid solutions – From generation to consumption

Electrical power is the basis of modern life. It is the main resource for industries and infrastructure, it makes growth and progress possible, and it is the energy of the future that is shaping a more environment-friendly energy system.
The transformation of the energy system has already begun and is gaining momentum through the renunciation of fossil fuels, market liberalization, and growing environmental awareness. At the same time, there’s a shift from centralized, large-scale power generation to a highly complex distributed generation landscape where the cost-efficient integration of renewables is the main priority. And
our need for energy continues to grow. These developments are creating new and highly demanding challenges: Grids must be able to flexibly manage bidirectional power flow and intermittency, and the entire system and all its operations must be kept absolutely safe and secure at the same time. Furthermore, new
capacities need to be added, existing equipment updated, and grid operation optimized to make the entire infrastructure fit for the future. The integration of renewable energy into existing grids poses new challenges due to the
increasing distances between power generation and consumption, the need for more cost-efficient infeed of power from renewables, and fluctuating demand...

2. Power transmission and distribution solutions

2.1 Complete portfolio from a single source 9
2.1.1 Future challenges for transmission and distribution grids 9
2.1.2 Consulting and planning 10
2.1.3 Entire life-cycle capabilities 12
2.2 High-voltage solutions 13
2.2.1 High-voltage direct current transmission systems (HVDC) 13
2.2.2 Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) 22
2.2.3 Grid access solutions 26
2.2.4 Power transmission lines 32
2.3 Medium-voltage systems 55
2.3.1 SIESTORAGE – energy storage system 55
2.3.2 SIHARBOR / SIPLINK 6
2.4 Portable power solutions and E-house 65
2.5 Microgrids 73
2.5.1 Operation, monitoring, administration, planning – all under one roof 73
2.5.2 Microgrid market segments 74
2.5.3 Siemens microgrid management systems 76
2.6 Intelligent transformer substations 77
2.7 Cyber security 82
2.7.1 Cyber security in energy management 82
2.7.2 Cyber security framework 83
2.7.3 Operational security 86
2.7.4 Applied cyber security 89
2.7.5 Cyber security consultancy 92
2.7.6 Final remarks 92

3 Substations and switchgear

3.1 High-voltage substations and switchgear 94
3.1.1 Turnkey substations 94
3.1.2 High-voltage switchgear – overview 95
3.1.3 Circuit configuration 96
3.1.4 Air-insulated substations 99
3.1.5 Mixed technology (Compact/hybrid solutions) 107
3.1.6 Gas-insulated switchgear for substations 111
3.2 Medium-voltage substations and switchgear 122
3.2.1 Introduction 122
3.2.2 Basics of switching devices 123
3.2.3 Requirements of medium-voltage switchgear 127
3.2.4 Medium-voltage switchgear 129
3.2.5 High-current and generator switchgear 144
3.2.6 Industrial load center substation 147
3.3 Low-voltage systems 151
3.3.1 Requirements for electrical power systems in buildings 151
3.3.2 Dimensioning of power distribution systems 154
3.3.3 Low-voltage switchboards 157
3.3.4 Planning notes for low-voltage switchboards 160
3.3.5 Low-voltage switchboard – cubicle types and examples 164
3.3.6 Subdistribution systems 165
3.3.7 Busbar trunking systems 166
3.3.8 Benefits and data of the busbar trunking systems 169

4 Devices and components

4.1 High-voltage switching devices 176
4.1.1 Circuit-breakers 176
4.1.2 Disconnectors and earthing switches 191
4.2. High-voltage components 200
4.2.1 Surge arresters 200
4.2.2 Instrument transformers 208
4.2.3 Coil products 225
4.2.4 Bushings 230
4.2.5 Long rod insulators 236
4.3 Medium-voltage switching devices 245
4.3.1 Indoor devices 245
4.3.2 Outdoor devices 258
4.4 Medium-voltage components 262
4.4.1 Surge arresters 262
4.5 Low-voltage components 264
4.5.1 Requirements on low-voltage components in the three circuit types 264
4.5.2 Low-voltage protection and switching devices 266
4.5.3 Power monitoring system for the low-voltage power distribution 268
4.5.4 Software for power system dimensioning 269
4.5.5 The safe power supply with renewable energy sources 271

5 Transformers

5.1 Introduction 277
5.1.1 Overview 277
5.1.2 Ecodesign Directive from the European Commission 277
5.2 Reliability and project performance 279
5.3 The resilience concept Pretact™: React in advance 282
5.4 Transformer loss evaluation 284
5.5 Power transformers 286
5.5.1 Large power transformers 286
5.5.2 Medium power transformers 287
5.5.3 Small power transformers 287
5.6 Reactors 288
5.7 Special transformers for industrial applications 289
5.8 Line Feeders 291
5.9 Phase-shifting transformers 292
5.10 HVDC transformers 293
5.11 Distribution transformers 294
5.11.1 Liquid-immersed distribution transformers for European/U.S. /Canadian standard 294
5.11.2 Voltage regulators 298
5.11.3 GEAFOL cast-resin transformers 300
5.11.4 GEAFOL special transformers 306
5.12 Traction transformers 316
5.13 Transformer lifecycle management 317

6. Protection, substation automation, power quality and measurements

6.1 Protection, substation automation, power quality and measurements 323
6.2 Protection systems 324
6.2.1 SIPROTEC and Reyrolle relay families 325
6.2.2 Applications 343
6.2.3 Protection coordination 355
6.3 Substation automation 364
6.3.1 Overview and solutions 364
6.3.2 SICAM PAS and SICAM SCC 369
6.3.3 SICAM Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) 374
6.3.4 Short-circuit indicators 377
6.4 Power quality and measurements 380
6.4.1 Power meter 386
6.4.2 SICAM T – electrical measurement transducer 389
6.4.3 Power quality and monitoring 390
6.4.4 SIPROTEC 7KE85 – Fault recorder 393
6.4.5 System software 395
6.4.6 SIGUARD PDP – Phasor data processor 398
6.5 Protection and substation communication 402
6.5.1 Protocols 402
6.5.2 Multiple communication options with SIPROTEC 5 405
6.5.3 Topologies 407
6.5.4 Transfer of data via the protection communication 411
6.6 Efficient network and energy automation systems 413
6.6.1 Solutions for substation automation and protection 414
6.6.2 Solutions for distribution automation 421
6.6.3 Solutions for industry grids 424
6.6.4 Solutions for monitoring and control center 427

7 Grid control and grid applications

7.1 Grid control 439
7.1.1 The role of the network control system in power system management 439
7.1.2 Network Control Centers
in a deregulated energy market 447
7.1.3 Common Information Model 450
7.1.4 IT Integration and Service-Oriented Architecture 452
7.1.5 Spectrum power™ control systems 454
7.1.6 Power and generation applications 461
7.1.7 Transmission applications 464
7.1.8 Distribution applications 467
7.1.9 Advanced Distribution Management System (ADMS) 471
7.1.10 Active network management 474
7.1.11 Smart Grid Energy Manager (SGEM) 475
7.2 Grid application platform and applications 476
7.2.2 EnergyIP platform overview 479
7.2.3 EnergyIP applications – Introduction 480
7.2.4 Meter Data Management 481
7.2.5 Billing Service 482
7.2.6 Remote Device Control 483
7.2.7 Market Transaction Management – the blueprint for Data Hubs 484
7.2.8 Advanced Device Management 486
7.2.9 Analytics Foundation 487
7.2.10 EnergyIP NTL – combating non-technical loss 488
7.2.11 Virtual Power Plants for smart markets 490
7.2.12 EnergyIP DEMS – VPP solution overview 492
7.2.13 EnergyIP DRMS (Demand Response Management System) 494
7.3 Managed Services 496

8. Communication network solutions for transmission and distribution grids

8.1 Solutions for transmission grids (communication backbone) 502
8.1.1 Fiber-optic communications on the way to carrier and utility grade packet transport networks 502
8.1.2 PowerLink – power line carrier for high-voltage lines 504
8.1.3 SWT 3000 – teleprotection for high-voltage lines 506
8.1.4 Coupling unit AKE 100 508
8.1.5 Voice communication with PowerLink 508
8.1.6 Connection Master 510
8.2 Control center communication 512
8.3 Solutions for distribution grids (backhaul / access communication) 513
8.3.1 Introduction 513
8.3.2 Communication infrastructures for backhaul and access networks 514
8.3.3 Smart metering turnkey solution 518