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EE - Access to Electricity Electricity is a crucial for poverty alleviation, economic growth and improved living standards (these links are discussed later in the entry). Measuring the share of people with electricity access is therefore an important social and economic indicator. There is no universally-adopted definition of what ‘access to electricity` means. However, most definitions are aligned to the delivery of electricity, safe cooking facilities and a required minimum level of consumption. The International Energy Agency (IEA) definition entails more than just the delivery to the household. It also requires households to meet a specified minimum level of electricity, which is set based on whether the household is rural or urban, and which increases with time. For rural households, this minimum threshold is 250 kilowatt-hours (kWh) per year and for an urban household it is 500 kWh per year. At a global level, the percentage of people with access to electricity has been steadily increasing over the last few decades. In 1990, around 71% of the world`s population had access; this has increased to 87% in 2016. This means 13% of the world did not have access to electricity in 2016.   As commodity prices soar and leaders around the world worry about energy shortages and prices of gasoline at the pump, millions of people in Africa still lack access to electricity. One-half of the people on the continent cannot turn on a fan when temperatures go up, can`t keep food cool, or simply turn the lights on. This energy access crisis must be addressed urgently. In West and Central Africa, only three countries are on track to give every one of their people access to electricity by 2030. At this slow pace, 263 million people in the region will be left without electricity in ten years. West Africa has one of the lowest rates of electricity access in the world; only about 42% of the total population, and 8% of rural residents, have access to electricity.  |