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Mar 25, 2026 - Everything about HVDC - Explained by an Engineer - Introduction



HVDC is powering some of the most ambitious energy projects on Earth — from interconnectors between countries to proposals linking entire continents. But why do we use DC instead of AC for these ultra-long connections?
In this video, I break down how HVDC actually works — from the physics of AC vs DC, to the limitations of cables, and why effects like capacitive charging currents, the Ferranti effect, and skin effect make AC unsuitable for long-distance subsea transmission.
We then dive into converter technology, explaining:
How LCC (thyristor-based) systems operate
How VSC (IGBT-based) systems build waveforms using modular multilevel converters (MMC)
What submodules, capacitors, and valve stacks actually do
Why thousands of semiconductors are used instead of just a few
We`ll also compare LCC vs VSC, explore power control, black start capability, harmonics, ripple frequency, and why HVDC enables asynchronous interconnection between grids.
By the end, you`ll understand:
Why HVAC cables are limited to ~100 km
How HVDC overcomes those limits
Where each technology is used today — and what`s coming next